历届全运会会徽的文化学释义

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法研究我国历届全运会会徽,对其所蕴含的文化学意义进行系统解读。主要结论:历届全运会的承办省份对会徽的设计理念不尽相同;会徽的文化内涵与奥林匹克精神、主办省份及城市文化有关;会徽的来源可分为人与运动类、制度文化类、精神文化类;会徽向着精神理念综合发展;建议:会徽的设计应基于奥林匹克体育精神;会徽不应脱离运动主题和以人为本的精神;会徽的设计理念应与时俱进。     

Participation and returns in rural nonfarm activities: evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic

This article uses two representative household budget surveys from the Kyrgyz Republic to analyze factors influencing participation and returns from different types of nonfarm activities in 2005 and 2006. We use the double hurdle and Heckman models, which allow us to demonstrate that a number of variables has different effects on participation and income from nonfarm activities. For example, residing in remote areas and lack of capital are found to stimulate participation in nonfarm activities, but decrease nonfarm income. Results are robust, but using the Heckman model seems to produce more accurate results for returns to education and gender under the presence of selection bias. Overall, nonfarm activities are found to be most important for the poor, who are pushed out of agriculture due to limited and poor land resources. This indicates that equipping poor households to enable them to move towards better remunerative nonfarm activities should be a priority for Kyrgyz rural policy makers.     

韩国企业文化的特点及发展方向

自20世纪60年代以来,韩国政府实行了“出口主导型”开发经济战略,推动了本国经济的飞速发展,造就了“汉江奇迹”。此过程中韩国的企业作出了不可磨灭的贡献,在发展和壮大过程中韩国企业形成了自己独特的企业文化。通过分析韩国企业文化的发展背景、类型和特点,本文指出了适应复杂多变的国内外环境的企业文化发展方向。     

The Question of Market Dependence

Capitalism is a system of social-property relations in which survival and social reproduction are dependent on the market; a system that is, therefore, driven by the imperatives of competition and a relentless drive to improve the forces of production. This article explores the nature of that market dependence and the specific historical conditions in which it emerged. In debate with Robert Brenner's recent article in this journal (vol.1, no.2) about the early development of capitalism in the Low Countries, it is suggested that, while the Dutch Republic was a highly developed commercial society, it seems to have lacked the specific conditions that made market dependence a basic property relation, as it was in early modern English agrarian capitalism. The differences between Dutch and English patterns of economic development reflect some fundamental differences between commercial and capitalist societies.     

清末民初东北地区不动产租赁习惯法的构成及特点

《民事习惯调查报告录》是研究东北地区不动产租赁习惯法的宝贵历史资料.东北地区的人们在长期生产生活过程中,基于逐渐积累的经验,形成了具有东北特色的“租不拦当、当不拦卖”习惯、“借地不拆屋”习惯、租种土地习惯、租赁房屋习惯等,构成东北地区特有的不动产租赁习惯法.这些习惯法呈现出实用性、重约性、季节性、相对公平性等特点.它不仅具有学术研究价值,同时也具有很大的实用价值,因此,对东北地区不动产租赁习惯法的深入研究非常必要.     

Distance-decay functions for daily travel-to-work flows

The non-homogeneity of geographic space brings about the processes that horizontally relate sections of geographic space, in transport geography referred to as spatial interactions. The distance separating different types of locations plays a crucial role in these interactions. Distance is the major factor that influences the values of interaction intensities. The question is how the intensities decrease with distance, since this decrease is usually not linear. This paper pursues the issues of the shape and parameters of the distance-decay functions based on daily travel-to-work transport movements, taking regional centres in the Czech Republic as the example. First the special distance-decay functions for individual regional centres are presented and discussed, followed by the expression of the universal distance-decay function approximating generally to the traits of the Czech settlement system and the nature of the interaction flows, i.e., travel-to-work. The expression of the universal function is based on the application of two easily accessible variables: population and number of jobs.     

The interest rate spreads in the Czech Republic: Different loans,different determinants?

We analyze the determinants of interest rate spreads of different loan categories in the Czech Republic during 2004–2011. We employ a detailed bank supervisory dataset that allows us to construct the actual spreads for four loan categories, namely small and large corporate loans, consumer loans and mortgages, on a monthly basis. Our regression analysis shows that bank and macroeconomic characteristics matter more for setting the spreads for small corporate loans and mortgages rather than for large corporate loans and consumer loans. Interest rate risk determines the spreads for all loan categories. The global financial crisis has, to a certain extent, increased the responsiveness of spreads to interest rate risk and liquidity risk.     

Tough Love: Do Czech Suppliers Learn from their Relationships with Multinationals?*

Countries strive to attract foreign direct investment hoping that knowledge brought by multinationals will spill over to domestic producers. While the literature has cast doubt on the existence of spillovers within industries, it has found evidence of spillovers from multinationals to the supplying sectors. However, the existing studies rely on industry‐level proxies rather than information on actual relationships between suppliers and multinationals. This study goes one step further by employing a unique dataset from the Czech Republic where such relationships can be identified. It finds evidence consistent with both high productivity firms having a higher probability of supplying multinationals as well as suppliers learning from their relationships with multinationals.